When you browse the Netflix website, you will see the words Elasticsearch, Kafka, Dynamic Optimizer, and Stream Processing Data Pipeline. These terms are used to describe the various technologies Netflix uses to power its service.
How does Netflix benefit from these technologies deliver the highest-quality content to their users? Read on to find out.
This article will provide you with briefly describe the Netflix backend technology.
Elasticsearch
If you’re wondering how Netflix scales and maintains its services, look no further than Elasticsearch. This powerful data management technology is used for data visualization, error detection, and customer support.
Its flexible architecture supports up to 20 million requests per second and 10 billion queries per day.
Here’s a detailed look at Netflix backend technology architecture and how Elasticsearch helps the company scale. This article also covers the basics of Netflix’s Elasticsearch clusters.
The ELK stack consists of a distributed system, ibomma, a configurable schema, and a rich ecosystem of plugins.
Elasticsearch was chosen for its ease of use, extensibility, and flexibility, and Netflix has continued to grow its Elasticsearch deployments.
eBay also relies on Elasticsearch, using it to support analytics and business-critical text search. Its flexible architecture makes it ideal for streaming services like Netflix.
Netflix uses Elasticsearch to store all of its user data. A user’s email address is required to log into their account. The company uses this data to determine whether they’ve viewed a particular show, and then send personalized messages when they leave.
Message delivery is a critical part of the Netflix experience, and Elasticsearch is a key component of that process. It’s a great choice for businesses of all sizes.
Elasticsearch is being used by a growing number of companies as a way to optimize their backend operations. This technology is fast and scalable and allows companies to analyze log data at a high level. i bomma
And with the power of Elasticsearch, businesses can control their increasing cloud costs. The Elastic Stack is available in many forms.
From web applications to enterprise business intelligence, Elasticsearch has a place in the backend of any company.
Kafka
The most important part of the Netflix backend technology is its centralized data lineage solution. This technology stores older viewing records, a single column per row key, and starts processing data in nanoseconds.
Netflix also works with ISPs to optimize content delivery similar to Kat Movies by caching data locally and reducing latency. Although Netflix has used Kafka, the company has not used it for encoding video content.
The reason is that Kafka is not designed for encoding video.
The Netflix backend is based on an open-source data streaming platform called Kafka. This database supports stream processing and provides a framework for analyzing, storing, and reading streaming data.
Kafka was first used by Facebook but quickly caught on to the advantages it offers Netflix. It serves as a bridge for Netflix Studio-wide communications and point-to-point communications.
Kafka allows Netflix to scale in real time while providing high-consistency data storage and reporting.
When Netflix was first starting out, it used its own ingestion framework and dumped data into Amazon S3. It then used Hadoop to run batch analytics on ibomma video streams and UI activities.
However, as it grew in popularity, Netflix started using Kafka as its main backend. With this system, eight million events are processed every second, with 500 billion events processed every day.
Kafka is widely used in the big data space and has been used by several large enterprises for years.
Netflix has used Kafka to manage streaming of video content across thousands of AWS EC2 instances. Netflix also uses Titus, a version of Kubernetes, to manage the thousands of containers it launches daily.
The streaming platform runs about three million containers per week. Netflix also uses a cache to improve data retrieval performance. Unlike traditional storage systems, a cache uses a trade-off between speed and capacity.
It is ideal for Netflix microservices because it provides fast access to frequently stored or computed data.
Dynamic Optimizer
Netflix is about to introduce a new backend technology known as the Dynamic Optimizer, which will improve the streaming experience for users.
The technology works by modifying the way Netflix encodes videos, so that they can stream with high quality and less buffering. Netflix has been working with universities to develop this technology, and the impressive results.
Hundreds of thousands of shots were screened and viewers rated their quality. A training algorithm was developed using this data which now detects and optimises the quality of the video.
Until now, streaming online video has been compressed uniformly to ensure the highest connection speed. This can lead to shaky and grainy images.
The Netflix tech stack contains multiple programming languages, including Java, Python, and Kotlin.
The latter language grants tooling support to other programming languages, and it is used to build the company’s backend.
The Python programming language has become one of the most popular in the world in recent years, and it’s used for all types of operations, from networking and security to content creation and maintenance.
The Netflix tech stack also includes Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning technologies.
The Netflix API team started redesigning its API about a year ago. The redesign embraced the differences between client and device applications and increased performance.
DynamoDB, for example, can handle over a 20 million requests per second and more than trillion requests per day. In addition to its high performance, the i bomma Netflix API also helps the UI engineering team optimize client applications for optimal performance.
In the end, Netflix is the clear winner with their technology stack.
Stream Processing Data Pipeline
While consumers may not have an inkling of what the streaming giant is doing behind the scenes, they do know that the technology is cutting-edge. AWS and Open Connect are the two clouds Netflix relies on as its backend.
Together, these two services provide the highest quality video possible to Netflix subscribers.
The streaming service’s technology stack consists of 3 main parts:
A team of engineers at Netflix analyzed the current performance of its various services, analyzing their sources of discovery and play.
In particular, they studied the performance of their homepage and the latency associated with 24-hour streaming. The team also analyzed the performance of Netflix’s backend by analyzing 24 hours of data.
Stream Processing Data Pipeline is one of the company’s latest innovations. It is currently being used in several of Netflix’s data centers worldwide and has a high-level of scalability.
The Stream Processing Data Pipeline has a high level of flexibility. For example, users can choose to run multiple jobs on a single platform.
The platform combines DB connector and filter components to produce a consolidated view of streaming data. The pipeline also contains optional filter and projection aggregations.
And since it supports multiple job states, Stream Processing as a Service is able to handle extremely high volumes of data without affecting the backend.
The platform has the ability to handle resource contention, which is a common problem with streaming services.
The streaming data pipeline can automatically scale and reduce this problem by using Tensorflow. It is important to keep in mind a few important factors before coding a streaming data pipeline.
The user’s application should not depend on strict ordering assumptions, and the user must choose a balance between latency and durability.
GraphQL Federation
While REST and other backend technologies can be great, Netflix engineers have made the decision to migrate all their services to a federated GraphQL API.
GraphQL federation allows different domain teams to independently build and operate their own DGSs and connect to other domains, while exposing a common GraphQL schema. GraphQL allows Netflix to serve more than 220 million unique members, each performing multiple actions during their session.
As a result, Netflix is able to react in real-time to the needs of each member.
GraphQL federation is a great solution to the scaling problem, but it does require a substantial investment of DevOps time. A solution like Google Skaffold is available for orchestration.
Next is a design system, shared library, and version-controlled GraphQL schema registry. It also supports a distributed implementation of its API. A federated API has a wide range of benefits.
The underlying News Tech technology behind GraphQL federation is elastic search.
Netflix uses elastic search to create text analysers across domains and systems. It also leverages the type information from a GraphQL query template.
GraphQL federation makes it easy to define a subgraph, and the federated graph fetches all the data that matches that definition.
The user-specified index configuration can be used to create text analysers across domains.
The DGS framework was created by the sw418 login DevEx team. It is built on top of Java and GraphQL and makes writing GraphQL resolvers easier.
A self-service user interface and robust tooling are also provided by the DGS framework for publishing schemas at the Schema Registry. I
It will be released as an open source project in early 2021. Its collaborative design process has led to the development of an extensible GraphQL backend framework.
